--- title: "How we test storage networks: NVMe-oF, iSCSI | TEST4NET" description: "NVMe-oF and iSCSI over lossless Ethernet on the CloudLAB bench: 8 to 32 initiators on one target, PFC and ECN per queue, p99 per queue depth, path failover" image: https://test4net.com/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-storage-networks.png --- [Skip to content](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-storage-networks#main-content) [![TEST4NET](https://test4net.com/hubfs/test4net-logo-fixed-2.svg)](https://test4net.com/?hsLang=en) - Services - Products - Resources - Company - [English](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-storage-networks) - [Русский](https://test4net.com/ru/blog/how-we-test-storage-networks) - [Հայերեն](https://test4net.com/hy/blog/how-we-test-storage-networks) [News](https://test4net.com/news?hsLang=en) [Login](https://lab.test4net.com) [Support](https://test4net.com/support?hsLang=en) - [English](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-storage-networks) - [Русский](https://test4net.com/ru/blog/how-we-test-storage-networks) - [Հայերեն](https://test4net.com/hy/blog/how-we-test-storage-networks) What we test By technology Industries [Load & Performance Testing Throughput, sessions and latency up to and past the rated limit](https://test4net.com/services/load-performance-testing?hsLang=en) [Functional & Conformance Testing Features against the spec, RFC compliance with evidence](https://test4net.com/services/functional-conformance-testing?hsLang=en) [Interoperability Testing Multi-vendor behaviour, before it reaches production](https://test4net.com/services/interoperability-testing?hsLang=en) [Security & Resilience Testing NGFW, IPS and VPN efficacy and performance with threats on the wire](https://test4net.com/services/security-resilience-testing?hsLang=en) [Test Plan & Methodology Design What to test, how, and what counts as a pass](https://test4net.com/services/test-plan-design?hsLang=en) [Test Automation & CI/CD Regression suites wired into your release pipeline](https://test4net.com/services/test-automation?hsLang=en) [Training Programs Hands-on courses for your test engineers](https://test4net.com/services/training-programs?hsLang=en) [Equipment Repair Repair and verification of test equipment](https://test4net.com/services/equipment-repair?hsLang=en) [All services](https://test4net.com/services?hsLang=en) [Routing & Switching RFC 2544 and RFC 2889 on real ports, 1G to 100G](https://test4net.com/solutions/routing-switching?hsLang=en) [Firewalls & NGFW RFC 9411 throughput with inspection switched on](https://test4net.com/solutions/firewalls-ngfw?hsLang=en) [SD-WAN & WAN Path selection and QoS under emulated WAN conditions](https://test4net.com/solutions/sd-wan?hsLang=en) [Cloud & NFV Virtual appliances and cloud services under load](https://test4net.com/solutions/cloud-nfv?hsLang=en) [5G & Mobile Core Transport and core functions under subscriber traffic](https://test4net.com/solutions/5g-mobile-core?hsLang=en) [Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 6 clients and access points, Wi-Fi 7 in progress](https://test4net.com/solutions/wi-fi?hsLang=en) [Storage & Infrastructure Storage networks and servers under realistic I/O](https://test4net.com/solutions/storage?hsLang=en) [AI / Switching Fabric (RoCEv2) Lossless Ethernet for GPU clusters: PFC, ECN, fabric load](https://test4net.com/solutions/ai-fabric-rocev2?hsLang=en) [All technologies](https://test4net.com/services#coverage) [Telecom Operators Pre-deployment acceptance and vendor comparison](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries#telecom) [Network & Security Vendors Independent validation of your product claims](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries#vendors) [System Integrators Proof for the customer before the rollout](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries#integrators) [Enterprise & Banks Upgrades and new platforms checked before production](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries#enterprise) [All industries](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries?hsLang=en) Not sure where to start? 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The figure was taken on a direct cable, with one block size and an empty port. In production the array sits behind a ToR pair, 16 hosts read from it at once, and the application traffic shares the same 100G ports. In a typical acceptance project that gives 6.8 GB/s with 0.3 % loss. We measure the network between the hosts and the array: IOPS and latency per block size and queue depth, under incast and through failures. ## The bench Bench hosts act as initiators and drive your I/O profile: 4 kB random, 64 kB and 1 MB sequential, the read and write mix, the queue depth and the host count from your workload statistics. The protocol is yours: iSCSI, NVMe/TCP, or NVMe-oF over RoCEv2 on 100G and faster ports agreed per setup. The target is your array in the rack, software-defined storage on bench hosts, or a system in your lab reached over a dedicated link. Between them sits the ToR pair under test with your config export: the QoS map, PFC on the storage queue, ECN thresholds, DCBX, MTU 9000. Generator ports put the application mix on the same ports. Switch counters are read per port and queue for the whole run: pause frames sent and received, ECN marks, drops. ## What we check - Throughput and IOPS per block size at queue depth 1 to 64, through the switch, with the application mix running - Latency p50 and p99 at the same points; the average hides the slow tail, and p99 is what a database feels first - Incast: 8, 16 and 32 initiators reading from one target port at once, with drops, pause time and ECN marks per queue at each step - PFC: pause frames per port and priority, and whether a slow target holds only the storage queue or backs up into the rest of the fabric - Storm: the generator keeps one port in PFC on purpose; how far the stall spreads hop by hop, and when the watchdog steps in - ECN and DCQCN: the mark rate against your thresholds, and how the initiator NICs cut and restore their rate, where the bench has your card - Path failover: a link, a NIC port or a controller taken down with I/O running, timed from the last completed I/O to the first one back The [storage page](https://test4net.com/solutions/storage?hsLang=en) lists all 5 device classes. A leaf-spine fabric carrying RDMA at scale gets the same PFC and ECN cases on the [AI fabric bench](https://test4net.com/solutions/ai-fabric-rocev2?hsLang=en). ## What usually breaks The storage queue is not lossless. In the project from the first paragraph the delivered config had no PFC on the storage queue and ECN switched off, and 16 hosts read into one port. The read curve flattened at 6.8 GB/s from queue depth 16. With PFC on that queue, ECN thresholds set and storage in its own class, the same hosts reached 10.4 GB/s with no loss. Only the switch config changed. A pause in the wrong place. The QoS map puts application traffic in the same priority as storage, a target slows down for a few seconds, and PFC stops both. The application stalls together with the storage, and the ticket goes to the array vendor. Per-queue pause counters tell a slow array from a switch that pauses the whole link; a throughput graph cannot. Path failover. Multipathing is configured, a link goes down, and I/O moves to the second path. How long the hosts wait depends on their timeouts and on the switch, and the application feels the whole gap. In a typical acceptance table it is one line: controller failover, I/O stall 2.4 s against a criterion of 5 s, with latency recorded through the event. ## What is in the report Throughput and IOPS per block size, queue depth and protocol, measured through the switch under the application mix. Latency p50 and p99 at the same points, under load and through each failure. Pause time, ECN marks and drops per queue and port, and the incast level where the storage queue backs up into the fabric. Host-side I/O statistics, per-queue switch counters, array counters, captures and the config export of every run, with the config line behind each missed criterion. The array vendor, the switch vendor and your platform team read the same table. ## Where to start Send us the array model, the host count and the switch plan. We answer with a draft test plan: the items, the bench layout and the dates. The report is yours to keep and to show to the vendor. [Write to us](https://test4net.com/contacts?hsLang=en) or look at [what else the bench does](https://test4net.com/services?hsLang=en). Share Pass it on to someone who runs a network Independent lab data is most useful in the hands of the people who make the call. Send this piece to a colleague. [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftest4net.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-we-test-storage-networks) [X](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftest4net.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-we-test-storage-networks&text=How+we+test+storage+networks%3A+incast%2C+PFC+and+p99+at+queue+depth) [Telegram](https://t.me/share/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftest4net.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-we-test-storage-networks&text=How+we+test+storage+networks%3A+incast%2C+PFC+and+p99+at+queue+depth) [WhatsApp](https://wa.me/?text=How+we+test+storage+networks%3A+incast%2C+PFC+and+p99+at+queue+depth%20https%3A%2F%2Ftest4net.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-we-test-storage-networks) Copy link More apps ![](https://test4net.com/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg) Written by ### [Alexander Zemskov](https://test4net.com/blog/author/az) Alexander Zemskov leads network and security testing at TEST4NET, an independent, vendor-neutral testing lab in Yerevan, Armenia. With 19+ years in performance and load testing on IXIA, Spirent, Keysight, Xena and Xinertel platforms, he runs NGFW, WAF, IPS, DLP and SASE evaluations for telecom operators, banks and system integrators. [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/azemskov/) [Website](https://test4net.com/?hsLang=en) [Previous article How we test Ethernet switches: 64 bytes, full mesh, MAC table](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-ethernet-switches?hsLang=en) [Next article How we test failover and convergence: the loss window per flow](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-failover-and-convergence?hsLang=en) In this article On the bench ### Have a device to put through this? Send us the shortlist and the KPIs that decide it. We will come back with a scoped test plan, a timeline and a fixed price. [Talk to a test engineer](https://test4net.com/contacts?hsLang=en) Blog ## Keep reading [![How we test TCP throughput: window, RTT and the SLA dispute](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-tcp-throughput.png?width=880&height=550&name=how-we-test-tcp-throughput.png)](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-tcp-throughput?hsLang=en) [Standards and methodology](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/standards-and-methodology) ### [How we test TCP throughput: window, RTT and the SLA dispute](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-tcp-throughput?hsLang=en) The provider sold 1 Gbps. The Y.1564 acceptance and an RFC 2544 run passed at line rate with zero loss, a speed test from the office shows over 900, and the nightly backu… ![](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg?width=22&height=22&name=IMG_0070.jpg) Alexander Zemskov Oct 29, 2026 · 4 min read [![How we test QoS: DSCP, queues and voice on a full link](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-qos.png?width=880&height=550&name=how-we-test-qos.png)](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-qos?hsLang=en) [Routing and switching](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/routing-and-switching) ### [How we test QoS: DSCP, queues and voice on a full link](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-qos?hsLang=en) A router datasheet lists 8 queues per port, strict priority, WRED and hierarchical shaping. The design document marks voice as EF and puts it in the priority queue. Both … ![](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg?width=22&height=22&name=IMG_0070.jpg) Alexander Zemskov Oct 29, 2026 · 4 min read [![How we test VNFs: vCPUs, SR-IOV and a noisy neighbour](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-virtual-network-functions.png?width=880&height=550&name=how-we-test-virtual-network-functions.png)](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-virtual-network-functions?hsLang=en) [Storage and data center](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/storage-and-data-center) ### [How we test VNFs: vCPUs, SR-IOV and a noisy neighbour](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-virtual-network-functions?hsLang=en) A vFirewall datasheet says 20 Gbit/s. The figure comes from the vendor's host: SR-IOV, pinned cores, a NIC picked for the test. Your platform team builds hosts to its own… ![](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg?width=22&height=22&name=IMG_0070.jpg) Alexander Zemskov Oct 29, 2026 · 4 min read [![TEST4NET LLC](https://test4net.com/hubfs/test4net-logo-fixed.svg)](https://test4net.com?hsLang=en) Independent testing and validation for telecom, information security and cloud infrastructure – real insights, not assumptions [mailto:sales@test4net.com](mailto:sales@test4net.com) #### Navigate - [Home](https://test4net.com/?hsLang=en) - [Why TEST4NET](https://test4net.com/why-test4net?hsLang=en) - [About us](https://test4net.com/about?hsLang=en) - [Contact](https://test4net.com/contacts?hsLang=en) - [Blog](https://test4net.com/blog?hsLang=en) - [Industry News](https://test4net.com/news?hsLang=en) #### Get in touch Sales [sales@test4net.com](mailto:sales@test4net.com) Support [support.test4net.com](https://support.test4net.com) © 2026 TEST4NET LLC. All rights reserved. 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