---
title: How we test EVPN and VXLAN fabrics | TEST4NET
description: "EVPN-VXLAN on the CloudLAB bench: a leaf under test with emulated spines and peers, route types 2, 3 and 5, thousands of hosts, multi-homing and MAC mobility"
image: https://test4net.com/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-evpn-vxlan.png
---

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# How we test EVPN and VXLAN: a fabric leaf under thousands of hosts

![](https://test4net.com/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg) [Alexander Zemskov](https://test4net.com/blog/author/az) October 28, 2026 4 min read

[English](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-evpn-vxlan) [Русский](https://test4net.com/ru/blog/how-we-test-evpn-vxlan) [Հայերեն](https://test4net.com/hy/blog/how-we-test-evpn-vxlan)

![How we test EVPN and VXLAN: a fabric leaf under thousands of hosts](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-evpn-vxlan.png?width=1600&height=900&name=how-we-test-evpn-vxlan.png)

In this article

A data centre fabric is accepted in 2 steps. Step 1: the integrator shows that two hosts on different leaves can ping. Step 2 happens 6 months later, when a hypervisor migrates 2,000 VMs during a maintenance window and the fabric takes 10 minutes to agree where they went. We run step 2 before step 1.

## The bench

The device under test is a leaf, a spine or a border leaf, on 10G, 25G or 100G ports. The generator emulates the rest of the fabric: spines as BGP route reflectors, other leaves as EVPN peers, the underlay IGP or eBGP, and the hosts behind each leaf: thousands of MAC and IP addresses, VLANs, VNIs and VRFs. The traffic between emulated hosts crosses the DUT in both directions, encapsulated and plain, so we see the data plane and the control plane at once.

Multi-homing is part of the bench: an emulated host attached to the DUT and to an emulated peer leaf with the same ESI, so that all-active forwarding, DF election and mass withdraw are tested, not assumed.

## What we check

- Route types: type 2 MAC and MAC-IP, type 3 inclusive multicast, type 5 IP prefix, type 1 and 4 for multi-homing, each advertised by the generator and read back from the DUT
- Host scale: 1,000, 10,000 and more hosts learned, time to learn, time to flush, memory and CPU during a full relearn
- MAC mobility: a host moves between leaves every few seconds, sequence numbers checked, the gap in forwarding measured per move
- ARP and ND suppression: broadcast reaching the fabric or not, with the numbers
- Multi-homing: DF election, all-active load sharing per flow, mass withdraw after a link failure timed in milliseconds
- Routing: symmetric and asymmetric IRB, inter-VRF leaking, type 5 routes from a border leaf, and the traffic that follows them
- Overlay forwarding: VXLAN encapsulation and decapsulation at line rate, ECMP across spines, MTU with the 50-byte overhead, QoS copied to the outer header
- Failure: spine loss, leaf loss, underlay link loss, each with the per-flow gap

## What usually breaks

Learning at scale. A leaf that learns 100 hosts in a second takes 90 seconds for 10,000, and for most of that time the type 2 routes are advertised in a different order than the FIB is updated. A peer leaf sends traffic to a host that is known to BGP and not yet to the chip. The ping test never finds this.

Multi-homing is the second place. All-active works, then a link in the ESI fails, and the mass withdraw takes 4 seconds instead of the sub-second the design assumed, because the box withdraws per MAC. 5,000 MACs, 4 seconds of half-black hole.

The third is the combination of features. VXLAN plus an egress ACL plus QoS remarking, each fine alone, and on the same port the DSCP value is lost on the way out. A single-feature checklist passes every line. The service test with real marking fails.

## What is in the report

Learn and flush times as curves. A route table check per type. The mobility, multi-homing and failure scenarios as tables: event, hosts or flows affected, gap in milliseconds. Forwarding results per VNI and per VRF with the egress marking. Resources over the run, the DUT configuration and the emulated fabric. The vendor can reproduce any item from the report alone.

## Where to start

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Written by

### [Alexander Zemskov](https://test4net.com/blog/author/az)

Alexander Zemskov leads network and security testing at TEST4NET, an independent, vendor-neutral testing lab in Yerevan, Armenia. With 19+ years in performance and load testing on IXIA, Spirent, Keysight, Xena and Xinertel platforms, he runs NGFW, WAF, IPS, DLP and SASE evaluations for telecom operators, banks and system integrators.

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[Previous article How we test RoCEv2: PFC, ECN and the incast that stalls a GPU cluster](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-rocev2?hsLang=en) [Next article How we test TLS and HTTPS: handshakes per second with inspection switched on](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-tls-and-https?hsLang=en)

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## Keep reading

[![How we test Wi-Fi 6, 6E and 7: 200 clients, roaming and the TR-398 sheet](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-wi-fi-6-6e-7.png?width=880&height=550&name=how-we-test-wi-fi-6-6e-7.png)](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-wi-fi-6-6e-7?hsLang=en)

[Standards and methodology](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/standards-and-methodology) [Protocols](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/protocols)

### [How we test Wi-Fi 6, 6E and 7: 200 clients, roaming and the TR-398 sheet](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-wi-fi-6-6e-7?hsLang=en)

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![](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg?width=22&height=22&name=IMG_0070.jpg) Alexander Zemskov Oct 28, 2026 · 4 min read

[![How we test TLS and HTTPS: handshakes per second with inspection switched on](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-tls-and-https.png?width=880&height=550&name=how-we-test-tls-and-https.png)](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-tls-and-https?hsLang=en)

[Standards and methodology](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/standards-and-methodology) [Protocols](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/protocols)

### [How we test TLS and HTTPS: handshakes per second with inspection switched on](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-tls-and-https?hsLang=en)

The datasheet of a firewall or a load balancer states "TLS throughput". The footnote, when there is one, says TLS 1.2, RSA 2048, one cipher, 64 KB objects, inspection off…

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[![How we test RoCEv2: PFC, ECN and the incast that stalls a GPU cluster](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-rocev2.png?width=880&height=550&name=how-we-test-rocev2.png)](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-rocev2?hsLang=en)

[Standards and methodology](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/standards-and-methodology) [Protocols](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/protocols)

### [How we test RoCEv2: PFC, ECN and the incast that stalls a GPU cluster](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-rocev2?hsLang=en)

An AI cluster spends a share of its time waiting for the network. A single dropped RoCE packet triggers a go-back-N retransmission, the collective stalls, and 256 GPUs id…

![](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg?width=22&height=22&name=IMG_0070.jpg) Alexander Zemskov Oct 28, 2026 · 4 min read

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