--- title: "How we test BNG: subscriber sessions and RADIUS | TEST4NET" description: "BNG and BRAS on the CloudLAB bench: emulated PPPoE and IPoE subscribers, sessions per second, RADIUS, per-subscriber QoS, dual stack, recovery after a reboot" image: https://test4net.com/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access.png --- [Skip to content](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access#main-content) [![TEST4NET](https://test4net.com/hubfs/test4net-logo-fixed-2.svg)](https://test4net.com/?hsLang=en) - Services - Products - Resources - Company - [English](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access) - [Русский](https://test4net.com/ru/blog/how-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access) - [Հայերեն](https://test4net.com/hy/blog/how-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access) [News](https://test4net.com/news?hsLang=en) [Login](https://lab.test4net.com) [Support](https://test4net.com/support?hsLang=en) - [English](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access) - [Русский](https://test4net.com/ru/blog/how-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access) - [Հայերեն](https://test4net.com/hy/blog/how-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access) What we test By technology Industries [Load & Performance Testing Throughput, sessions and latency up to and past the rated limit](https://test4net.com/services/load-performance-testing?hsLang=en) [Functional & Conformance Testing Features against the spec, RFC compliance with evidence](https://test4net.com/services/functional-conformance-testing?hsLang=en) [Interoperability Testing Multi-vendor behaviour, before it reaches production](https://test4net.com/services/interoperability-testing?hsLang=en) [Security & Resilience Testing NGFW, IPS and VPN efficacy and performance with threats on the wire](https://test4net.com/services/security-resilience-testing?hsLang=en) [Test Plan & Methodology Design What to test, how, and what counts as a pass](https://test4net.com/services/test-plan-design?hsLang=en) [Test Automation & CI/CD Regression suites wired into your release pipeline](https://test4net.com/services/test-automation?hsLang=en) [Training Programs Hands-on courses for your test engineers](https://test4net.com/services/training-programs?hsLang=en) [Equipment Repair Repair and verification of test equipment](https://test4net.com/services/equipment-repair?hsLang=en) [All services](https://test4net.com/services?hsLang=en) [Routing & Switching RFC 2544 and RFC 2889 on real ports, 1G to 100G](https://test4net.com/solutions/routing-switching?hsLang=en) [Firewalls & NGFW RFC 9411 throughput with inspection switched on](https://test4net.com/solutions/firewalls-ngfw?hsLang=en) [Load Balancers & ADC Connections, TLS and failover of the pair under load](https://test4net.com/solutions/load-balancers-adc?hsLang=en) [SD-WAN & WAN Path selection and QoS under emulated WAN conditions](https://test4net.com/solutions/sd-wan?hsLang=en) [Cloud & NFV Virtual appliances and cloud services under load](https://test4net.com/solutions/cloud-nfv?hsLang=en) [5G & Mobile Core Transport and core functions under subscriber traffic](https://test4net.com/solutions/5g-mobile-core?hsLang=en) [Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 6 clients and access points, Wi-Fi 7 in progress](https://test4net.com/solutions/wi-fi?hsLang=en) [Storage & Infrastructure Storage networks and servers under realistic I/O](https://test4net.com/solutions/storage?hsLang=en) [AI / Switching Fabric (RoCEv2) Lossless Ethernet for GPU clusters: PFC, ECN, fabric load](https://test4net.com/solutions/ai-fabric-rocev2?hsLang=en) [All technologies](https://test4net.com/services#coverage) [Telecom Operators Pre-deployment acceptance and vendor comparison](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries#telecom) [Network & Security Vendors Independent validation of your product claims](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries#vendors) [System Integrators Proof for the customer before the rollout](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries#integrators) [Enterprise & Banks Upgrades and new platforms checked before production](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries#enterprise) [All industries](https://test4net.com/solutions/industries?hsLang=en) Not sure where to start? 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That figure comes from an idle box, sessions brought up slowly, users in a local list. After a power cut in your network every CPE in town logs in at once, RADIUS sits in another data centre and half the homes run dual stack. We measure how many sessions per second the box sets up, how many it holds with traffic in each of them and how many minutes it needs to bring everyone back after a reboot. ## The bench The BNG or BRAS goes onto the CloudLAB bench like any [edge router](https://test4net.com/solutions/routing-switching?hsLang=en); a virtual BNG runs on the bench hypervisor or in your tenant. On the access side the generator emulates subscribers behind access nodes: PPPoE clients with PAP or CHAP, IPoE clients on DHCPv4 and DHCPv6, one C-VLAN per subscriber inside an S-VLAN per access node, or the VLAN plan you run. Once a session is up, each subscriber sends and receives the traffic of its plan. On the network side it plays the upstream routers and servers, on 1G, 10G or 100G ports (400G and faster per project). Logins go to your RADIUS server or to an emulated one, with the attributes your BNG expects: plan, address pool, QoS profile, session timeout. The subscriber count, the plan mix and the login pattern per hour come from your statistics and the dimensioning. ## What we check - Setup rate: PPPoE and IPoE sessions per second, raised step by step until logins fail; for PPPoE the time from PADI to IPCP up, for IPoE from DHCP Discover to Ack - Session ceiling: the ramp stays below the rate measured above, so the count itself is what breaks; every session carries traffic, and the full count is held for hours - RADIUS: Access-Request rate and response time as the BNG sees them, timeouts, retries, failover to the second server, CoA to change a plan mid-session - Accounting: Start, Stop and Interim records counted against the sessions, second by second, during the ramp and after it - Per-subscriber shaping: the plan rate in both directions with all subscribers active, H-QoS with the subscriber queue inside the port or access-node shaper, voice ahead of downloads within one home - Dual stack: IPv6CP with DHCPv6 prefix delegation on PPPoE, DHCPv4 next to DHCPv6 on IPoE, the same policy and shaper on both families - Reboot and failover: a reload, a line card pulled, a switchover to the standby card or chassis at full load; time until 50 %, 90 % and 100 % of subscribers have sessions and traffic back - Churn: logins and logouts at a steady rate while the others carry traffic; sessions, addresses and memory back to the baseline afterwards The queue mechanics are in [our QoS post](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-qos?hsLang=en), and the RADIUS server on its own is [a separate test](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-dns-dhcp-and-aaa?hsLang=en). ## What usually breaks The storm after a reload. A typical acceptance: a BNG with 30,000 PPPoE subscribers on the bench (an example) reloads under load. Every CPE sends PADI within seconds, the BNG fires Access-Requests faster than RADIUS answers, requests time out, CPEs retry and the retries add to the load. All subscribers are back after 18 minutes against 5 in the design. A PADI rate limit per access port and a longer RADIUS timeout bring it to 4 minutes. Without the test, the first measurement would have been the helpdesk queue. Accounting that falls behind. Logins succeed and traffic flows, while Interim records pile up on the BNG during the storm and some Start records never leave the queue. The subscriber is online and billing does not know. We count records against sessions per second, so the gap shows up as a number. The IPv6 half. In a typical project a 100 Mbit/s plan held at 100 on IPv4 alone and delivered 190 with both families together: the IPv6 sessions picked up a policy from another template. A test with traffic on one family at a time never shows it. ## What is in the report Setup rate per access type and per stack, with the step where logins started to fail. The session ceiling with traffic on and what ran out first: memory, address pools, RADIUS or control-plane CPU. Recovery curves after every reload and failover, subscribers back per second. RADIUS response time and accounting records against sessions. Delivered rate per plan. The BNG config, RADIUS attributes and subscriber profiles, so the run repeats on the next release; a rerun on a known setup takes 3 business days. ## Where to start Send us the BNG model and release, the subscriber count with the plan mix and the RADIUS attribute list. We answer with a draft test plan: the items, the bench layout and the dates. The report is yours to keep and to show to the vendor. [Write to us](https://test4net.com/contacts?hsLang=en) or look at [what else the bench does](https://test4net.com/services?hsLang=en). Share Pass it on to someone who runs a network Independent lab data is most useful in the hands of the people who make the call. Send this piece to a colleague. [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftest4net.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access) [X](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftest4net.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access&text=How+we+test+BNG%3A+PPPoE%2C+IPoE+and+the+session+storm+after+a+reboot) [Telegram](https://t.me/share/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftest4net.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access&text=How+we+test+BNG%3A+PPPoE%2C+IPoE+and+the+session+storm+after+a+reboot) [WhatsApp](https://wa.me/?text=How+we+test+BNG%3A+PPPoE%2C+IPoE+and+the+session+storm+after+a+reboot%20https%3A%2F%2Ftest4net.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-we-test-bng-and-broadband-access) Copy link More apps ![](https://test4net.com/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg) Written by ### [Alexander Zemskov](https://test4net.com/blog/author/az) Alexander Zemskov leads network and security testing at TEST4NET, an independent, vendor-neutral testing lab in Yerevan, Armenia. With 19+ years in performance and load testing on IXIA, Spirent, Keysight, Xena and Xinertel platforms, he runs NGFW, WAF, IPS, DLP and SASE evaluations for telecom operators, banks and system integrators. [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/azemskov/) [Website](https://test4net.com/?hsLang=en) [Previous article How we test PoE: power budget, port priority and a lost PSU](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-poe?hsLang=en) [Next article How we test 5G core: registration storms, UPF load, restarts](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-5g-core?hsLang=en) In this article On the bench ### Have a device to put through this? Send us the shortlist and the KPIs that decide it. We will come back with a scoped test plan, a timeline and a fixed price. [Talk to a test engineer](https://test4net.com/contacts?hsLang=en) Blog ## Keep reading [![How we measure power under load: watts per Gbps at 4 load steps](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-measure-power-under-load.png?width=880&height=550&name=how-we-measure-power-under-load.png)](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-measure-power-under-load?hsLang=en) [Standards and methodology](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/standards-and-methodology) ### [How we measure power under load: watts per Gbps at 4 load steps](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-measure-power-under-load?hsLang=en) The datasheet of a switch, router or firewall gives two power figures: "typical" and "maximum". Neither says at what load, with which optics or at what inlet temperature.… ![](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg?width=22&height=22&name=IMG_0070.jpg) Alexander Zemskov Oct 30, 2026 · 5 min read [![How we test remote-access VPN: 9:00 logins, MFA and failover](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-remote-access-vpn.png?width=880&height=550&name=how-we-test-remote-access-vpn.png)](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-remote-access-vpn?hsLang=en) [Security](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/security-performance) ### [How we test remote-access VPN: 9:00 logins, MFA and failover](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-remote-access-vpn?hsLang=en) A VPN concentrator datasheet gives a user count and a throughput figure, both taken separately: thousands of idle tunnels for the first, a few fat ones for the second. A … ![](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg?width=22&height=22&name=IMG_0070.jpg) Alexander Zemskov Oct 30, 2026 · 5 min read [![How we test IPv6 and transition: dual stack, NAT64, 464XLAT](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog-covers/how-we-test-ipv6-transition.png?width=880&height=550&name=how-we-test-ipv6-transition.png)](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-ipv6-transition?hsLang=en) [Routing and switching](https://test4net.com/blog/tag/routing-and-switching) ### [How we test IPv6 and transition: dual stack, NAT64, 464XLAT](https://test4net.com/blog/how-we-test-ipv6-transition?hsLang=en) A router datasheet shows IPv6 as a tick next to IPv4, with one throughput figure for both. On the bench the two protocols often part ways: at small packets, with an exten… ![](https://test4net.com/hs-fs/hubfs/IMG_0070.jpg?width=22&height=22&name=IMG_0070.jpg) Alexander Zemskov Oct 30, 2026 · 4 min read [![TEST4NET LLC](https://test4net.com/hubfs/test4net-logo-fixed.svg)](https://test4net.com?hsLang=en) Independent testing and validation for telecom, information security and cloud infrastructure – real insights, not assumptions [mailto:sales@test4net.com](mailto:sales@test4net.com) #### Navigate - [Home](https://test4net.com/?hsLang=en) - [Why TEST4NET](https://test4net.com/why-test4net?hsLang=en) - [About us](https://test4net.com/about?hsLang=en) - [Contact](https://test4net.com/contacts?hsLang=en) - [Blog](https://test4net.com/blog?hsLang=en) - [Industry News](https://test4net.com/news?hsLang=en) #### Get in touch Sales [sales@test4net.com](mailto:sales@test4net.com) Support [support.test4net.com](https://support.test4net.com) © 2026 TEST4NET LLC. All rights reserved. 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